| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Temples of Mount Hermon ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Temples of Mount Hermon
The Temples of Mount Hermon are around thirty〔 shrines and Roman temples that are dispersed around the slopes of Mount Hermon in Lebanon, Israel and Syria.〔Dar, Shimʻon. Settlements and Cult Sites on Mount Hermon, Israel: Ituraean Culture in the Hellenistic and Roman Periods. BAR international series, 589. Oxford, England: Tempus Reparatum, 1993. ISBN 9780860547563.〕
==Surveys==
Discovery of the Hermonian temples in rural villages began in the 19th century, with surveys by Edward Robinson and Sir Charles Warren. Ten sacred sites were also documented by Daniel Krencker and Willy Schietzschmann in 1938. Maurice Tallon published an itinerary of the sanctuaries in 1967 with details of the paths to reach them.〔Tallon, Maurice., “Sanctuaires et itinéraires romains du. Chouf et du sud de la Béqa,” Mélanges de l'université Saint Joseph 43, pp. 233-50, 1967.〕 George F. Taylor provided a pictorial guide in the late 1960s with more recent information coming from Shim'on Dar in 1993 and epigraphic surveys in 2002 and 2003. Some of the sites have been connected with the high places used for the worship of Baal in the Books of Kings.
The Seleucids occupied the area after 200 BCE, shortly after which the Ituraeans developed a principality in the area until the fall of Chalcis when the territory passed to the Herodian kings Agrippa I and Agrippa II. After the end of the first century CE the territory became jointly controlled by the cities of Damascus, Sidon and Paneas. It is thought that the area was inhabited continuously until the third century CE. Precise dating of the structures is currently not possible. Krencker and Zscheitzschmann suggested they were mostly constructed between 150 and 300 CE and epigraphic evidence has been found to support this for several temples. Construction techniques have been seen to differ from those used in shrines of the Phoenician and Achaemenid and Hellenistic periods such as Tyre, Tell Anafa and Kharayeb.〔 Recent studies have highlighted differences in construction style of the Hermonian temples from Hellenistic architecture at Khirbet Massakeb,〔Kalos, M., Un sanctuaire d'epoque hellenistique en Syrie du sud: Khirbet Massakeb. Topoi, 9/2, pp. 777-794, 1999.〕 Khirbet Zemel〔Hartal, M., "Khirbet Zemel: Northern Golan: an Iturean Settlement" in Zvi Gal (ed.), ''Eretz Zafon: Studies in Galilean Archaeology'', pp. 75-117, Jerusalem:IAA, 2002.〕 and other sites in the Hauran and Jawlan.〔(Kropp, Andreas., Limits of Hellenisation: Pre-Roman basalt temples in the Hauran, Bollettino di Archaeologia On Line, Special Volume for the International congress of classical archaeology meetings between cultures in the ancient mediterranean, Rome, 2008. )〕 Although the sites may have been built on previous layers of architecture, the current temples are predominantly considered to be of Roman construction and were largely abandoned after the fourth century CE during the Byzantine era.〔
The temples were often connected with ancient occupational sites. Olivier Callot and Pierre-Louis Gatier argued that several of the temple sites might have been mistaken for monumental tombs as Roman mausoleums such as Saidnaya have been found in Lebanon.〔Callot, Olivier, and Pierre-Louis Gatier. "Le reseau des sanctuaires en Syrie du Nord." Topoi 9, pp. 665-688, 1999.〕 Taylor held the view that the religious architecture was the responsibility of "the hand of a single master builder" but was not able to answer the question of why so many shrines should be concentrated in the area.〔 Henry Seyrig, when reviewing Krencker and Zscheitzmann's "Romische Tempel in Syrien" highlighted that ''"the clue to an important social and economic change that would deserve to be one day the focus of a study"''. There is still a deplorable lack of a comprehensive study into the history, archaeology, architecture of these buildings and ancient sites, or the religious life of the people who used them.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Temples of Mount Hermon」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|